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Entities of the Magento Testing Framework

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Fixture

Fixture overview

An MTF fixture is a list of properties of the Magento entity under test.

A fixture is represented as an XML file located in the Fixture directory that corresponds to a module in <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/tests/app/Magento/functional. Example for Widget:

  • <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/tests/app/Magento/Widget/Test/Fixture/Widget.xml

You will need fixture:

  • as test data for particular set
  • as precondition for the test

In this chapter we will create a new fixture and modify it, considering different use cases.

To apply any changes of the fixture, you should run generate tool:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php

This tool creates PHP classes that are used by the test.

You can check fixture PHP class in corresponding module in the <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/generated/Magento directory.

Create new fixture

Let鈥檚 imagine that we want to create new fixture to test our Widget module.

Magento has a tool that automatically generates your fixture with parameters you indicated in arguments. That is generateFixtureXml.php, located in <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils.

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php -f generateFixtureXml.php -- --name widget --entity_type widget_instance --collection Magento\\Widget\\Model\\Resource\\Widget\\Instance\\Collection

Please note that the generateFixtureXml tool does not replace an existing XML fixture. For example, if you already have Widget.xml fixture, you cannot create new one with the same name.

To work with generateFixtureXml tool, Magento must be installed.

In the following table see generateFixtureXml arguments.

Argument Semantics Value from command above Note
--name Name of fixture. widget Required
--type Table type for the entity. Can be eav, flat, composite. flat Default value: flat.
--entity_type Database table name, where entity data is stored. widget_instance Required
--collection Collection to generate data sets Magento\\Widget\\Model\\Resource\\Widget\\Instance\\Collection Required. Escape all backslashes.
--help List of arguments with definitions. 聽 聽

This tool creates a new fixture using data from a database table you specified using the --entity_type argument.

Following is the generated Widget fixture located in <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/tests/app/Magento/Widget/Test/Fixture/Widget.xml.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright 漏 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 */
-->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../../../../vendor/magento/mtf/etc/fixture.xsd">
    <fixture name="widget"
             module="Magento_Widget"
             type="flat"
             collection="Magento\Widget\Model\Resource\Widget\Instance\Collection"
             repository_class="Magento\Widget\Test\Repository\Widget"
             handler_interface="Magento\Widget\Test\Handler\Widget\WidgetInterface"
             class="Magento\Widget\Test\Fixture\Widget"
             entity_type="widget_instance">
        <field name="instance_id" is_required="1"/>
        <field name="instance_type" is_required="0"/>
        <field name="theme_id" is_required="0"/>
        <field name="title" is_required="0"/>
        <field name="store_ids" is_required="0"/>
        <field name="sort_order" is_required="0"/>
        <field name="widget_parameters" is_required="0"/>
    </fixture>
</config>

To generate PHP classes, enter the following commands in the order shown:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php

That鈥檚 it!

For a detailed description of XML structure see the next section.

Read and update your new fixture

Let鈥檚 look closer at fixture structure.

  • <config> is a root node that defines path to fixture.xsd schema.
  • <fixture> defines fixture configuration.
  • <data_config> defines additional fixture configuration for the fixture.
  • <field> defines field in fixture.

The following table describes <fixture> attributes.

<fixture> attribute Semantics Value Example Is required?
name Name of fixture. string catalogProductSimple required
module Name of the module in which to place the fixture. string Magento_Catalog required
class Path to the PHP class. Generator will use this path to locate automatically generated PHP file. string Magento\Catalog\Test\Fixture\CatalogProductSimple required
type Table type for the entity. eav, flat, virtual, composite eav optional
entity_type Database table name where the entity data is stored. Specify more than one database table as a comma-separated list (for example, "eav_attribute, catalog_eav_attribute") and assign type = "composite". string catalog_product optional
product_type Type of product. Applicable only for product fixtures. string simple optional
collection Collection to generate data sets. It is taken from <magento2>/app/code/Magento. string Magento\Catalog\Model\Resource\Product\Collection optional
identifier Field used to create data set names in the repository. string sku optional
repository_class Reference to the repository class. string Magento\Catalog\Test\Repository\CatalogProductSimple optional
handler_interface Reference to the handler interface class. string Magento\Catalog\Test\Handler\CatalogProductSimple\CatalogProductSimpleInterface optional
extends Reference to the class from which you want to extend. string \Magento\Widget\Test\Fixture\Widget optional

The following table describes <field> attributes.

<field> attribute Semantics Value Example Is required?
name Field name. string layout_updates required
is_required Specifies whether field is required on the form. 1 - required, 0 - optional 1 optional
group Tab name that contains field (for example, title field is placed on Storefront properties tab on widget creation page). string storefront_properties optional
source Class that prepares field data for use. See Add the data source to the fixture field. string Magento\Widget\Test\Fixture\Widget\LayoutUpdates optional
repository Reference to the class that stores data sets for the field. More details about the repository. string Magento\Widget\Test\Repository\Widget\LayoutUpdates optional

The following image shows how XML is connected with GUI of your new widget.

Orange arrows show relations between <field> nodes of fixture and GUI element of Magento widget, that we are going to test.

As you can see, we added some information to the picture. New text is highlighted in orange.

For convenience, we added a group attribute that matches the name of the tab where the UI elements are located. Except for instance_id, this field does not display which is why it belongs to the null group.

We also defined a new field, layout_updates on the UI but this field is absent from the list of fields in our XML fixture. This is because the field is not present in the database table widget_instance specified by the entity_type.

Let鈥檚 manually add a new field and group attribute to the Widget.xml. See what we have now.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright 漏 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 */
 -->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../../../../vendor/magento/mtf/etc/fixture.xsd">
    <fixture name="widget"
             module="Magento_Widget"
             type="flat"
             collection="Magento\Widget\Model\Resource\Widget\Instance\Collection"
             repository_class="Magento\Widget\Test\Repository\Widget"
             handler_interface="Magento\Widget\Test\Handler\Widget\WidgetInterface"
             class="Magento\Widget\Test\Fixture\Widget"
             entity_type="widget_instance">
        <field name="instance_id" is_required="1" group="null" />
        <field name="instance_type" is_required="0" group="settings" />
        <field name="theme_id" is_required="0" group="settings" />
        <field name="title" is_required="0" group="storefront_properties" />
        <field name="store_ids" is_required="0" group="storefront_properties" />
        <field name="sort_order" is_required="0" group="storefront_properties" />
        <field name="widget_parameters" is_required="0" group="frontend_options" />
        <field name="layout_updates" is_required="0" group="storefront_properties" />
    </fixture>
</config>

To apply the changes, enter the following commands:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php

Add a repository to the fixture field

Now we have a new fixture for Widget. All fields are defined and ready to take test data. Let鈥檚 assume that we are not focused on layout updates functionality and want to use pre-defined data.

For this goal, link to the repository where all test data has already been defined.

<field name="layout_updates" repository="Magento\Widget\Test\Repository\Widget\LayoutUpdates" group="storefront_properties" />

The repository is located in the Repository directory of the corresponding module. The Repository directory contains a subdirectory with the name of fixture, and repository XML file in it with the name of fixture field.

The repository is located in <magento_roo>/dev/tests/functional/app/Magento/Widget/Test/Repository/Widget/LayoutUpdates.xml.

Following is the code of LayoutUpdates.xml. It specifies two data sets that you can choose to define in your test.

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright 漏 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 */
-->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../../../../../vendor/magento/mtf/Magento/Mtf/Repository/etc/repository.xsd">
    <repository class="Magento\Widget\Test\Repository\Widget\LayoutUpdates">
        <dataset name="all_pages">
            <field name="0" xsi:type="array">
                <item name="page_group" xsi:type="string">Generic Pages/All Pages</item>
                <item name="block" xsi:type="string">Main Content Area</item>
            </field>
        </dataset>

        <dataset name="on_category">
            <field name="0" xsi:type="array">
                <item name="page_group" xsi:type="string">Categories/Non-Anchor Categories</item>
                <item name="for" xsi:type="string">Yes</item>
                <item name="entities" xsi:type="string">category::default_subcategory</item>
                <item name="block" xsi:type="string">Main Content Area</item>
            </field>
        </dataset>
    </repository>
</config>

To apply the changes, enter the following commands:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php

Add the data source to the fixture field

Our new field layout_updates is complex and contains different elements and logic, depending on the type of layout chosen.

Layout update subelements

You can use a data source that provides additional processing of the field (for example, parsing or creation of new field).

All data source logic is defined in a PHP file which must be linked as specified in the field鈥檚 source attribute.

It is located in Fixture directory of corresponding module. That contains subdirectory with the name of fixture, and source class in it with the name of fixture field. See the following example.

<field name="layout_updates"
       is_required="0"
       repository="Magento\Widget\Test\Repository\Widget\LayoutUpdates"
       source="Magento\Widget\Test\Fixture\Widget\LayoutUpdates"
       group="storefront_properties" />

Let鈥檚 see our data source file <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/tests/app/Magento/Widget/Test/Fixture/Widget/LayoutUpdates.php

To apply the changes, enter the following commands:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php

You should mention repository in data source class to use it for fixture field.

Example from LayoutUpdates.php
$this->data = $repositoryFactory->get($this->params['repository'])->get($data['dataset']);

Merge fixtures

We have a module that adds new field to Widget module.

We can create file that adds field new_field to our widget fixture.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright 漏 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 */
-->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../../../../vendor/magento/mtf/etc/fixture.xsd">
    <fixture name="widget">
        <field name="new_field" is_required="0" group="storefront_properties" />
    </fixture>
</config>

To apply the changes, enter the following commands:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php

new_field has been added in fixture Widget.php.

Extend fixture

Let鈥檚 assume that you want to add new fixture based on our Widget.xml fixture to another Magento entity.

To do that you should supplement your Widget.xml code with extends attribute in <fixture> node. As you already know extends value stores a link to the class from which you want to extend your fixture.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/**
 * Copyright 漏 2015 Magento. All rights reserved.
 * See COPYING.txt for license details.
 */
 -->
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../../../../../../vendor/magento/mtf/etc/fixture.xsd">
    <fixture name="adWidget"
             repository_class="Magento\AdWidget\Test\Repository\AdWidget"
             handler_interface="Magento\AdWidget\Test\Handler\AdWidget\AdWidgetInterface"
             class="Magento\AdWidget\Test\Fixture\AdWidget"
             extends="\Magento\Widget\Test\Fixture\Widget">
        <field name="custom_field" repository="Magento\AdWidget\Test\Repository\AdWidget\CustomField" group="storefront_properties" />
    </fixture>
</config>

In this example you will create a new fixture PHP class AdWidget that extends Widget fixture. It creates a fixture with the same name, and a field named custom_field.

To generate your new fixture PHP class, enter the following commands:

cd <magento2>/dev/tests/functional/utils
php generate.php